Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Competitive Strategy Organization Development and Change

Question: Talk about the Competitive Strategy for Organization Development and Change. Answer: Technique The technique can be clarified as the objective of any association to design and used for long haul achievement. At the end of the day, the terms system originate from the clash of SUNTZU workmanship. With respect to this war, winning methods the procedure is acceptable and losing implies the system is terrible. It is picked by the organization to get accomplishment in future whatever their objective might be. Additionally; it very well may be utilized to tackle the issues identified with the association which focusing for the accomplishment of the organization. Fundamentally, the word Strategy ascend from a Greek word which intends to control controlled off a military or observing intensity of the gathering of individuals. At the end of the day, it has the importance of all arranging and plotting of the whole part including in the fight to go on a correct way of an association. The technique is continually managing the designs for satisfaction of the client which are essential for t hem. Countless organizations is there which make system by decreasing the expense of an item to take care of the considerable number of issues of the client and satisfy their objectives. It doesn't thoroughly rely upon business preparing accomplishment yet in addition the quantities of specific association improvement. By making numerous new and development thoughts for a similar item the leader of the organization can make contrast. It is one of the business mind ideas to get increasingly more benefit for the eventual fate of the association. The fulfillment level o ought to be high from their customer matters a great deal in the productive and viable manner to run an association easily. For this organization must have some great and inventive technique for the accomplishment of the association. Just about one year is sufficient for the organization to finish their objective. The picture ought to be fabricated solid for the association to keep up their quality in the market divisio n. The system additionally has an idea of the acknowledgment of all advertising perspectives all through the benefit creation of the showcasing chain. The methodology encourages the organization to get into the rivaling the organizations by making substitute item for the equivalent. For making technique administrative aptitude is significant as its insight concerning the key factor. The methodology additionally considered as the equivalent of the organizations work all through their market peripherals. Through flexibly changes and creation, it helps in sort out the shortage of the assets. Here assets speak to resources, specialized competency, ability of labor and a feeling of partiality towards the activity planned. The system can be arranged in numerous configurations yet not very many are essential to knowing the association. They are the corporate system, business technique, and operational methodology. Corporate procedure used to be solely enhanced as investors contribute a great d eal. They additionally offer need to the client who has conceivably believable. Presently business technique is relying upon the serious of the market which manages the item structuring a determination of items, advantages of purchaser, prevail upon the serious advertising organizations, and so forth operational methodology is about the assets of the organization individuals includes in the organization, their work profile, diverse procedure utilized by the organization to make system compelling for the association. Plan of action Innovation Plan of action development is viewed as the most creative thoughts of the association to finish the objective of the organization in all monetary business rules. The fundamental goal of this model is to advance the model by presenting new up and coming sources and gets income. This should be possible by extemporizing the quality assistance and merchandise before their clients. To reliably hold their position the market for the extensive stretch this model gets extremely compelling (Massa Tucci, 2013). In the assembling of the item for any association, this model gets appreciation. By this advancing model organization or association needed to diminish the expense of creation to make countless clients in their grasp. Concerning the example, The Apple Inc. organization by ad libbing these thoughts makes the inventive highlights in their items. For this idea, they make the enormous number of clients (Gobble, 2014). This model assists with expanding the quantity of stocks in their securit ies exchange. Applying this advancement thought the organization named, Apple Inc. ready to make countless their client without diminishing their expenses of items and make the benefit. Like, the Dell Company making the benefit by this model without diminishing their business cost. By using these thoughts they decline the preparing charge or working charge inside the business handling (Tucci Massa, 2013). With these essentials, they snatch an enormous number of benefit in a yearly premise. The thought ought to be super in quality and phenomenal which pull in the client while being the expense of the item high. In any case, the thoughts of the best quality work and information on the advanced innovation help the association to run the exceptionally far method of achievement. The imaginative thoughts consistently make an organization and association far away from the advertising trim. The utilization and execution of the plan of action are about the fuse of the business methodologies as to upgrade the general execution of the association. It makes the organization all the more accomplishing the high caliber to get monetarily helpful, in a perfect world applied and including statements of purpose the other way around. By making item structuring, brand network, and so on make the perfect idea for the edge of the association. The association required new plans to pull in the clients with a gainful method of business. The advancement of the model makes the organization's system to make them not the same as different organizations. The plan of the companys development, this advancement of the model accommodating and make the association remarkable. A marked organization is the acceptable case for the imaginative models as; it gathers the various clients or clients on the topics of conversations, inputs, and so on .by examining the customary view to contemporary perspec tive on the business. Business development really makes the organization upgrading the companys possibilities. References Cummings, T.G., and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization turn of events and change. Cengage learning. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process development: reengineering work through data innovation. Harvard Business Press. Simons, R., 2013.Levers of control: how supervisors utilize creative control frameworks to drive vital restoration. Harvard Business Press. Ward, J. what's more, Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Massa, L. what's more, Tucci, C.L., 2013. Plan of action innovation.The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management, pp.420-441. Eat, M.M., 2014. Plan of action innovation.Research-Technology Management,57(6), pp.58-61. Tucci, C. what's more, Massa, L., 2013.Business model innovation(No. EPFL-CHAPTER-187818). Oxford University Press. Amit, R. what's more, Zott, C., 2012. Making an incentive through plan of action innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), p.41.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Bead Bar E Commerce Free Essays

Globule bar is an organization which has practical experience in making dots adornments for the clients. They have three divisions’ to be specific studios, establishments and globule bar ready. The E-Commerce site would empower every one of its clients and workers to team up uniformly for synchronization of exercises and tasks. We will compose a custom article test on Dab Bar E Commerce or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The clients get an opportunity to structure their own gems utilizing the dabs of various measurement and nature so it is totally uniquely manufactured and inline with their inclinations. The representatives thus get all the proposed plans and contact clients for their data and different subtleties. The internet business website would organize online installments and conveyance of ones items securely easily. E-Business for Bead Bar: Bead bar is extending its wings in the market and wishes to catch the eyes of the clients on the loose. Building an online business would make the Bead Bar stores to be in synchronization with assets and would have the option to catch the pith of web. Interfacing every one of its stores and offices consistently frames a pivotal part for sharing data and stimulating its tasks. An intranet set up would encourage all the association of every one of its areas of expertise and divisions yet would acquire additional expenses for getting the enormous greater part of clients everywhere throughout the world. It is determined to provide food its gems administrations to all and chose to make office for online installments and conveyance. The essential segment is that the clients must be encouraged to make their own structures and can do that at whenever at their own accommodation. They are given a few choices to single out a few alternatives for making and structuring their own item. Besides the website would have the option to permit buy alternatives for the customers with the goal that they can arrange their structured items and buy it on the web. Conveyance alternatives are additionally encouraged at the site. Dot Bar can utilize e-business to advertise their site in other business locales for furnishing the clients with enough information about their administrations and offices it gives. It can take into account the whole world to get clients. Its online nearness would make a whenever anyplace condition for getting to its administrations by the clients. Following the requests on the web and refreshing of inventories would be very feasible for Bead Bar. Time and exertion would be promoted for each client and representative for making their tasks arranged, composed and definitive. The client would likewise be liberated from area subordinate issues and Bead Bar thusly would make a world class office for each client giving them an inclination that the whole store is for them and they would get equivalent help and status in getting any administrations from the endeavor. Building an e-business additionally encourages them to take into account huge number of clients simultaneously without any issues of call-sitting tight and poor help for orders. The online store would take that all significant data is set up and cause every client to feel that they own the store. Innovation The innovation required for the Bead Bar to turn into an e-business would require the making of a site which would get each asset one page. The webpage must envelope all the organization subtleties and highlights which would give enough foundation to each help the organization is rendering and the striking highlights which make it exceptional in the web commercial center in its own section. The essential necessity is the making of site which would incorporate all the web advances like HTML, DHTML, XML, ASP, JSP, PHP and may others. HTML and DHTML would be required to make the static and dynamic pages separately. Different advancements like XML, JSP and others would be required for getting information from a distribution center and give dynamic updation of data. These are built up measures for making a site. When the site subtleties are made sense of one requires making sense of the elements of the framework, both inner and outside elements, with the goal that their affiliation is mapped. When all the elements are found and settled on, the properties of the elements are built up, which means their traits which characterize the substances. When the arranging and examination stage is done the affiliation is mapped into a blueprint graph and relations are standardized and afterward inputted into the database. A RDBMS, for example, DB2, Oracle, SYBASE or some other can be utilized to make the database. Interfacing databases with the site is the following stage where PHP and different advancements can be utilized. The Java innovations and other server advances are utilized so they encourage making the online installments and conveyance information’s (Cooke, 1997). The above talked about advancements would give enough substance to portray and advertise the organization administrations and highlights. It would likewise encourage essential unique updations, make courses of action for planning their own adornments and encourage installment methods and conveyance choices. Site traffic Website traffic is characterized in the feeling of creating taps on the site and activities taken. It is additionally taken for the way went by the clients in the site. The accompanying can be ascribed for making the site traffic smooth and steady: †¢ Creating exposure in different locales as blaze pictures †¢ Giving advancement offers and limits †¢ Offering regular bundles in adornments by specialists †¢ Online help and talk offices with the specialists in plan and association †¢ Offering more choices in hand craft as far as other related things and extras Electronic installment abilities The online installment capacity for the Bead Bar is taken consideration well in the internet business webpage. The utilization of secure attachment layer (SSL) innovation is utilized for encouraging the protected methods for installment and encryption of information. The utilization of secure associations would ensure that information is traded effortlessly and online databases must be balanced well in understanding to dealing with charge card and other money related data of the clients. Encryption The encryption of the data introduced in the site and the treatment of money related data for check and installment is done using encryption strategies with the goal that it isn't taken in the process for vindictive purpose and the client is likewise sheltered and has no concerns for any abuse of data. The budgetary information is encoded for changing their substance while moving them to different locales for checking purposes. All such close to home information and inclinations are likewise followed and kept in a scrambled structure with the goal that they are not inclined to changes or adjustments. End The suggested mechanical recommendations would make Bead Bar to set up them well in the e-business and ensure customers’ and different specialists keep up their degree of trust. The ease of use highlights would make the site in agreement to the best of measures and ensure that each asset is caught and supported well. The web advances would bring all the divisions of the organization in the same spot and synchronize all the exercises and the existence cycle effectively work. References/Bibliography Cooke, M. (1997). Java web based business: innovations for circulated undertaking figuring. Lynch, P. Horton, S. (1999). Web Style Guide, Basic Design Principles for Creating Web Sites. Step by step instructions to refer to Bead Bar E Commerce, Papers

Thursday, August 13, 2020

From Markets to Math Class

From Markets to Math Class I blogged last week (also here, and Kirsten did so here) about the treadmill that MIT can be: Sometimes its hard to take a step back. This is why I warn my freshman advisees against getting on the treadmill. The treadmill is the straightest path through MIT. It means doing the basic classes that everyone takes, not doing anything but your classes, doing all the sexiest internships (and not the ones which are interesting or different or that youd like to do and learn from), and then going straight into the highest paying job you can find because its there. Earlier today, a colleague sent me a news article called From Wilton to Wall Street to Teaching. Its about Mary Chin 07, from Wilton, Connecticut: Mary Chin earned her BS in civil engineering and a MEng in environmental engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She pursued a career on the Wall Street trading floor after completing several demanding internships. Although she enjoyed the fast-pace environment, Ms. Chin did not feel that she was contributing to society in ways that she had imagined. “It took about three minutes of standing in front of an 8th grade algebra class to confirm that I’d made the right decision in leaving Wall Street and becoming a teacher,” said Ms. Chin. Well, Mary just won a $175,000 five-year fellowship distributed by the Knowles Science Teaching Fellowship foundation, which supports professionals who transition into STEM education. But more importantly than that, Mary got off the treadmill. And the world is a better place for it.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Is The Eternal Life Or Plastic - 1024 Words

Hien Tran Doan Professor Butler English 101 11 November 2016 Eternal Life or Plastic â€Å"In the US, tap water is underfunded by $24 billion partly because people believe drinking water only comes from a bottle!† (qt. in The Story of Bottled Water). Are people even aware why this is happening? As much as everyone in the world needs water every day, do they realize where exactly does the water that big corporations are getting it from? Annie Leonard, Rick Anderson, and Adam Smith all want to show the public what these companies are doing to the environment. They don’t know what’s happening outside of their own town. Now, from the looks of the amount of people purchasing plastic bottled water, they have to mentally get into their heads now and think. Is commercially bottled water a sustainable practice? Plastic bottles are being made continuously from huge companies, which is affecting the environment to change throughout the years. According to Author Annie Leonard, she mentioned how there’s a huge percentage of plastic bottles getting burned in landfills, causing to â€Å"release toxic pollution† (The Story of Bottled Water). With the toxic pollution that’s circulating the air, it can wipeout everybody including animals and plants. Animals and plants give people the energy with the lifestyle they carry every day. Though that’s not the only thing that’s unleashing the massacre. Author Rick Anderson stated that the environmentalists are arguing that in addition to the cost of makingShow MoreRelated Suppression of Individuality in Radioheads, Fake Plastic Trees780 Words   |  4 PagesIndividuality in Radioheads, Fake Plastic Trees Fake Plastic Trees criticizes how modern society stifles individuality and forces people to swallow idealized conceptions of how life should be. The whole song centers on the idea that humans, either through their own fallibility or through societys relentlessness, easily and obliviously mold their lives according to the unspoken standards they set on themselves. The result is a shallow, artificial, fake plastic living that perpetuates itselfRead MoreFilm Review: Plastic Bag792 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Topic 1: The short film, Plastic Bag by Ramin Bahrani is about the eternal life of a plastic bag. There is some mythic imagery within the short film in the first opening scenes when the plastic bag is created. The bag with its arms sprawled as if on a cross looked like Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ to some is although real, appears to by a mythic symbol to others. When the cashier took him off to be used for groceries he looked like he was being taken down from the cross. Images are used as artRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pagesalong with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today showed that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003Read MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthe change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surger y is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from Medical News Today, Christian Nordqvist showed that approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in theRead MoreThe Development Of Cosmetic Surgery1556 Words   |  7 PagesOtoplasty. Rhinoplasty. Liposuction: adults are not the only ones resulting to plastic surgery to maintain or enhance their appearance. Many people are riveted by the fact that at the age of fifteen years old, Jen Selter had plastic surgery because of her â€Å"large† nose (Victoria). Caitlin Clemons, age eighteen, had surgical breast augmentation in order to â€Å"fulfill† her self- esteem (Victoria). These cases are what have shifted natural beauty to the idea that reflection is everything. The developmentRead MoreHuman Growth Hormone : The Picture Of Dorian Gray1389 Words   |  6 Pageshghworld.us People have been searching for the eternal life forever, but the researchers agree: It does not exist. Nevertheless, many desperately try to fight against old age. Last new weapon is called human growth hormone - or just HGH (human growth hormone). The dream of eternal youth is reserved for the gods, but we humans have always sought immortality. Like Dorian in Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray , giving her soul in exchange for eternal youth and beauty. Or Orlando in Virginia WolfRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 Pagesrecord a person going through the surgery and gaining self-esteem. Everything turns out perfectly for these people on the TV shows. If it works for the people on TV, why wouldn’t it work for everyone else? â€Å"Critics say the show minimizes the risks of plastic surgeries while exaggerating what can be achieved . . . makeover shows also usually refrain from taping patients right after surgery.† (CQR, 4). This will show viewers that going through the surgery is not so bad, and these people are so happy afterRead MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas Of The Personalist / Natural Law Ethics888 Words   |  4 Pagesroller coaster, despite of some of the theories having similarities, one cannot said that one theory is the same to another. For the reason, I personal ity felt as every time that there was a new theory introduced, I tried to see how it applied to my life. As the different theories were presented in our Ethical Theory class, the theory that stood out and reignited the most is St. Thomas Aquinas of the personalist /natural law ethics. St. Thomas Aquinas natural laws theory developed from a non-ChristianRead MoreChristopher Nolan s Memento : Movie Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pagesresponds to a certain eternal event we get something that is called sensory memory that brief and extremely short term. The brain then encodes the sensory memory into explicit short term memory that then may be encoded to explicit long term memory. Leonard’s memory is not encoded well after his assault damaged his brain and hence he cannot form long term memory while his short term memory keeps refreshing. As the plot reverses, Leonard’s way of functioning in everyday life is revealed to be: photosRead MoreThe Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages The fear of death and the search for eternal life is a cultural universal. The ideology surrounding immortality transcends time and a plethora of cultures. The theme, immortality appears in stories from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was composed by ancient Sumerians roughly around 600 B.C., to present day works of fiction in the twenty first century. Gilgamesh, a figure of celestial stature, allows his mortal side to whittle away his power after the death of Enkidu. Undeniably, defenseless before

Is The Eternal Life Or Plastic - 1024 Words

Hien Tran Doan Professor Butler English 101 11 November 2016 Eternal Life or Plastic â€Å"In the US, tap water is underfunded by $24 billion partly because people believe drinking water only comes from a bottle!† (qt. in The Story of Bottled Water). Are people even aware why this is happening? As much as everyone in the world needs water every day, do they realize where exactly does the water that big corporations are getting it from? Annie Leonard, Rick Anderson, and Adam Smith all want to show the public what these companies are doing to the environment. They don’t know what’s happening outside of their own town. Now, from the looks of the amount of people purchasing plastic bottled water, they have to mentally get into their heads now and think. Is commercially bottled water a sustainable practice? Plastic bottles are being made continuously from huge companies, which is affecting the environment to change throughout the years. According to Author Annie Leonard, she mentioned how there’s a huge percentage of plastic bottles getting burned in landfills, causing to â€Å"release toxic pollution† (The Story of Bottled Water). With the toxic pollution that’s circulating the air, it can wipeout everybody including animals and plants. Animals and plants give people the energy with the lifestyle they carry every day. Though that’s not the only thing that’s unleashing the massacre. Author Rick Anderson stated that the environmentalists are arguing that in addition to the cost of makingShow MoreRelated Suppression of Individuality in Radioheads, Fake Plastic Trees780 Words   |  4 PagesIndividuality in Radioheads, Fake Plastic Trees Fake Plastic Trees criticizes how modern society stifles individuality and forces people to swallow idealized conceptions of how life should be. The whole song centers on the idea that humans, either through their own fallibility or through societys relentlessness, easily and obliviously mold their lives according to the unspoken standards they set on themselves. The result is a shallow, artificial, fake plastic living that perpetuates itselfRead MoreFilm Review: Plastic Bag792 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Topic 1: The short film, Plastic Bag by Ramin Bahrani is about the eternal life of a plastic bag. There is some mythic imagery within the short film in the first opening scenes when the plastic bag is created. The bag with its arms sprawled as if on a cross looked like Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ to some is although real, appears to by a mythic symbol to others. When the cashier took him off to be used for groceries he looked like he was being taken down from the cross. Images are used as artRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pagesalong with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today showed that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003Read MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthe change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surger y is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from Medical News Today, Christian Nordqvist showed that approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in theRead MoreThe Development Of Cosmetic Surgery1556 Words   |  7 PagesOtoplasty. Rhinoplasty. Liposuction: adults are not the only ones resulting to plastic surgery to maintain or enhance their appearance. Many people are riveted by the fact that at the age of fifteen years old, Jen Selter had plastic surgery because of her â€Å"large† nose (Victoria). Caitlin Clemons, age eighteen, had surgical breast augmentation in order to â€Å"fulfill† her self- esteem (Victoria). These cases are what have shifted natural beauty to the idea that reflection is everything. The developmentRead MoreHuman Growth Hormone : The Picture Of Dorian Gray1389 Words   |  6 Pageshghworld.us People have been searching for the eternal life forever, but the researchers agree: It does not exist. Nevertheless, many desperately try to fight against old age. Last new weapon is called human growth hormone - or just HGH (human growth hormone). The dream of eternal youth is reserved for the gods, but we humans have always sought immortality. Like Dorian in Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray , giving her soul in exchange for eternal youth and beauty. Or Orlando in Virginia WolfRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 Pagesrecord a person going through the surgery and gaining self-esteem. Everything turns out perfectly for these people on the TV shows. If it works for the people on TV, why wouldn’t it work for everyone else? â€Å"Critics say the show minimizes the risks of plastic surgeries while exaggerating what can be achieved . . . makeover shows also usually refrain from taping patients right after surgery.† (CQR, 4). This will show viewers that going through the surgery is not so bad, and these people are so happy afterRead MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas Of The Personalist / Natural Law Ethics888 Words   |  4 Pagesroller coaster, despite of some of the theories having similarities, one cannot said that one theory is the same to another. For the reason, I personal ity felt as every time that there was a new theory introduced, I tried to see how it applied to my life. As the different theories were presented in our Ethical Theory class, the theory that stood out and reignited the most is St. Thomas Aquinas of the personalist /natural law ethics. St. Thomas Aquinas natural laws theory developed from a non-ChristianRead MoreChristopher Nolan s Memento : Movie Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pagesresponds to a certain eternal event we get something that is called sensory memory that brief and extremely short term. The brain then encodes the sensory memory into explicit short term memory that then may be encoded to explicit long term memory. Leonard’s memory is not encoded well after his assault damaged his brain and hence he cannot form long term memory while his short term memory keeps refreshing. As the plot reverses, Leonard’s way of functioning in everyday life is revealed to be: photosRead MoreThe Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages The fear of death and the search for eternal life is a cultural universal. The ideology surrounding immortality transcends time and a plethora of cultures. The theme, immortality appears in stories from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was composed by ancient Sumerians roughly around 600 B.C., to present day works of fiction in the twenty first century. Gilgamesh, a figure of celestial stature, allows his mortal side to whittle away his power after the death of Enkidu. Undeniably, defenseless before

Is The Eternal Life Or Plastic - 1024 Words

Hien Tran Doan Professor Butler English 101 11 November 2016 Eternal Life or Plastic â€Å"In the US, tap water is underfunded by $24 billion partly because people believe drinking water only comes from a bottle!† (qt. in The Story of Bottled Water). Are people even aware why this is happening? As much as everyone in the world needs water every day, do they realize where exactly does the water that big corporations are getting it from? Annie Leonard, Rick Anderson, and Adam Smith all want to show the public what these companies are doing to the environment. They don’t know what’s happening outside of their own town. Now, from the looks of the amount of people purchasing plastic bottled water, they have to mentally get into their heads now and think. Is commercially bottled water a sustainable practice? Plastic bottles are being made continuously from huge companies, which is affecting the environment to change throughout the years. According to Author Annie Leonard, she mentioned how there’s a huge percentage of plastic bottles getting burned in landfills, causing to â€Å"release toxic pollution† (The Story of Bottled Water). With the toxic pollution that’s circulating the air, it can wipeout everybody including animals and plants. Animals and plants give people the energy with the lifestyle they carry every day. Though that’s not the only thing that’s unleashing the massacre. Author Rick Anderson stated that the environmentalists are arguing that in addition to the cost of makingShow MoreRelated Suppression of Individuality in Radioheads, Fake Plastic Trees780 Words   |  4 PagesIndividuality in Radioheads, Fake Plastic Trees Fake Plastic Trees criticizes how modern society stifles individuality and forces people to swallow idealized conceptions of how life should be. The whole song centers on the idea that humans, either through their own fallibility or through societys relentlessness, easily and obliviously mold their lives according to the unspoken standards they set on themselves. The result is a shallow, artificial, fake plastic living that perpetuates itselfRead MoreFilm Review: Plastic Bag792 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Topic 1: The short film, Plastic Bag by Ramin Bahrani is about the eternal life of a plastic bag. There is some mythic imagery within the short film in the first opening scenes when the plastic bag is created. The bag with its arms sprawled as if on a cross looked like Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ to some is although real, appears to by a mythic symbol to others. When the cashier took him off to be used for groceries he looked like he was being taken down from the cross. Images are used as artRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pagesalong with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today showed that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003Read MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthe change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surger y is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from Medical News Today, Christian Nordqvist showed that approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in theRead MoreThe Development Of Cosmetic Surgery1556 Words   |  7 PagesOtoplasty. Rhinoplasty. Liposuction: adults are not the only ones resulting to plastic surgery to maintain or enhance their appearance. Many people are riveted by the fact that at the age of fifteen years old, Jen Selter had plastic surgery because of her â€Å"large† nose (Victoria). Caitlin Clemons, age eighteen, had surgical breast augmentation in order to â€Å"fulfill† her self- esteem (Victoria). These cases are what have shifted natural beauty to the idea that reflection is everything. The developmentRead MoreHuman Growth Hormone : The Picture Of Dorian Gray1389 Words   |  6 Pageshghworld.us People have been searching for the eternal life forever, but the researchers agree: It does not exist. Nevertheless, many desperately try to fight against old age. Last new weapon is called human growth hormone - or just HGH (human growth hormone). The dream of eternal youth is reserved for the gods, but we humans have always sought immortality. Like Dorian in Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray , giving her soul in exchange for eternal youth and beauty. Or Orlando in Virginia WolfRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 Pagesrecord a person going through the surgery and gaining self-esteem. Everything turns out perfectly for these people on the TV shows. If it works for the people on TV, why wouldn’t it work for everyone else? â€Å"Critics say the show minimizes the risks of plastic surgeries while exaggerating what can be achieved . . . makeover shows also usually refrain from taping patients right after surgery.† (CQR, 4). This will show viewers that going through the surgery is not so bad, and these people are so happy afterRead MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas Of The Personalist / Natural Law Ethics888 Words   |  4 Pagesroller coaster, despite of some of the theories having similarities, one cannot said that one theory is the same to another. For the reason, I personal ity felt as every time that there was a new theory introduced, I tried to see how it applied to my life. As the different theories were presented in our Ethical Theory class, the theory that stood out and reignited the most is St. Thomas Aquinas of the personalist /natural law ethics. St. Thomas Aquinas natural laws theory developed from a non-ChristianRead MoreChristopher Nolan s Memento : Movie Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pagesresponds to a certain eternal event we get something that is called sensory memory that brief and extremely short term. The brain then encodes the sensory memory into explicit short term memory that then may be encoded to explicit long term memory. Leonard’s memory is not encoded well after his assault damaged his brain and hence he cannot form long term memory while his short term memory keeps refreshing. As the plot reverses, Leonard’s way of functioning in everyday life is revealed to be: photosRead MoreThe Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages The fear of death and the search for eternal life is a cultural universal. The ideology surrounding immortality transcends time and a plethora of cultures. The theme, immortality appears in stories from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was composed by ancient Sumerians roughly around 600 B.C., to present day works of fiction in the twenty first century. Gilgamesh, a figure of celestial stature, allows his mortal side to whittle away his power after the death of Enkidu. Undeniably, defenseless before

Is The Eternal Life Or Plastic - 1024 Words

Hien Tran Doan Professor Butler English 101 11 November 2016 Eternal Life or Plastic â€Å"In the US, tap water is underfunded by $24 billion partly because people believe drinking water only comes from a bottle!† (qt. in The Story of Bottled Water). Are people even aware why this is happening? As much as everyone in the world needs water every day, do they realize where exactly does the water that big corporations are getting it from? Annie Leonard, Rick Anderson, and Adam Smith all want to show the public what these companies are doing to the environment. They don’t know what’s happening outside of their own town. Now, from the looks of the amount of people purchasing plastic bottled water, they have to mentally get into their heads now and think. Is commercially bottled water a sustainable practice? Plastic bottles are being made continuously from huge companies, which is affecting the environment to change throughout the years. According to Author Annie Leonard, she mentioned how there’s a huge percentage of plastic bottles getting burned in landfills, causing to â€Å"release toxic pollution† (The Story of Bottled Water). With the toxic pollution that’s circulating the air, it can wipeout everybody including animals and plants. Animals and plants give people the energy with the lifestyle they carry every day. Though that’s not the only thing that’s unleashing the massacre. Author Rick Anderson stated that the environmentalists are arguing that in addition to the cost of makingShow MoreRelated Suppression of Individuality in Radioheads, Fake Plastic Trees780 Words   |  4 PagesIndividuality in Radioheads, Fake Plastic Trees Fake Plastic Trees criticizes how modern society stifles individuality and forces people to swallow idealized conceptions of how life should be. The whole song centers on the idea that humans, either through their own fallibility or through societys relentlessness, easily and obliviously mold their lives according to the unspoken standards they set on themselves. The result is a shallow, artificial, fake plastic living that perpetuates itselfRead MoreFilm Review: Plastic Bag792 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Topic 1: The short film, Plastic Bag by Ramin Bahrani is about the eternal life of a plastic bag. There is some mythic imagery within the short film in the first opening scenes when the plastic bag is created. The bag with its arms sprawled as if on a cross looked like Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ to some is although real, appears to by a mythic symbol to others. When the cashier took him off to be used for groceries he looked like he was being taken down from the cross. Images are used as artRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pagesalong with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today showed that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003Read MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthe change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surger y is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from Medical News Today, Christian Nordqvist showed that approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in theRead MoreThe Development Of Cosmetic Surgery1556 Words   |  7 PagesOtoplasty. Rhinoplasty. Liposuction: adults are not the only ones resulting to plastic surgery to maintain or enhance their appearance. Many people are riveted by the fact that at the age of fifteen years old, Jen Selter had plastic surgery because of her â€Å"large† nose (Victoria). Caitlin Clemons, age eighteen, had surgical breast augmentation in order to â€Å"fulfill† her self- esteem (Victoria). These cases are what have shifted natural beauty to the idea that reflection is everything. The developmentRead MoreHuman Growth Hormone : The Picture Of Dorian Gray1389 Words   |  6 Pageshghworld.us People have been searching for the eternal life forever, but the researchers agree: It does not exist. Nevertheless, many desperately try to fight against old age. Last new weapon is called human growth hormone - or just HGH (human growth hormone). The dream of eternal youth is reserved for the gods, but we humans have always sought immortality. Like Dorian in Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray , giving her soul in exchange for eternal youth and beauty. Or Orlando in Virginia WolfRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 Pagesrecord a person going through the surgery and gaining self-esteem. Everything turns out perfectly for these people on the TV shows. If it works for the people on TV, why wouldn’t it work for everyone else? â€Å"Critics say the show minimizes the risks of plastic surgeries while exaggerating what can be achieved . . . makeover shows also usually refrain from taping patients right after surgery.† (CQR, 4). This will show viewers that going through the surgery is not so bad, and these people are so happy afterRead MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas Of The Personalist / Natural Law Ethics888 Words   |  4 Pagesroller coaster, despite of some of the theories having similarities, one cannot said that one theory is the same to another. For the reason, I personal ity felt as every time that there was a new theory introduced, I tried to see how it applied to my life. As the different theories were presented in our Ethical Theory class, the theory that stood out and reignited the most is St. Thomas Aquinas of the personalist /natural law ethics. St. Thomas Aquinas natural laws theory developed from a non-ChristianRead MoreChristopher Nolan s Memento : Movie Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pagesresponds to a certain eternal event we get something that is called sensory memory that brief and extremely short term. The brain then encodes the sensory memory into explicit short term memory that then may be encoded to explicit long term memory. Leonard’s memory is not encoded well after his assault damaged his brain and hence he cannot form long term memory while his short term memory keeps refreshing. As the plot reverses, Leonard’s way of functioning in everyday life is revealed to be: photosRead MoreThe Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages The fear of death and the search for eternal life is a cultural universal. The ideology surrounding immortality transcends time and a plethora of cultures. The theme, immortality appears in stories from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was composed by ancient Sumerians roughly around 600 B.C., to present day works of fiction in the twenty first century. Gilgamesh, a figure of celestial stature, allows his mortal side to whittle away his power after the death of Enkidu. Undeniably, defenseless before

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Nursing Theories Essay - 728 Words

Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy NU 500 UNIT 1 June 6, 2012 Jeanne Greer, RN Saint Josephs University Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy Nursing has made phenomenal achievement in the last century that has led to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession. According to Fawcett (1980), a move towards theory-based practice has made nursing meaningful (p. 10). When talking about nursing theory development, it is important to identify the stages that nursing theory development has gone through to define and guide nursing practice. It is widely believed that the use of theory offers structure and organization to nursing knowledge. George (2002) defined theory as â€Å"a set†¦show more content†¦This stage focuses on the importance and need for nursing education. After World War II more hospitals were built which created a larger need for nurses thus creating a nursing shortage. In addition a mandatory licensure requirement and testing for nursing created the need for nursing education. This education created an interest and curiosity to understand nursing practice. The third stag e is subjective knowledge. This stage focuses on defining nursing and beginning to develop theories. In 1960’s, nurse leaders began to develop and publish their philosophy and view of nursing. These descriptions of nursing and nursing modes evolved from their personal, professional and educational experiences (McEwen amp;Wills 2007). The next stage is procedural knowledge. Procedural knowledge includes both separate and connected knowledge with difficulty attaching theory to practice. In 1970 the nursing profession viewed itself as a scientific discipline evolving toward a theoretically based practice focusing on the client. During this time many nursing theorists such as Orem, King, and Neuman published their beliefs and ideas. These theorists were often idealists and nurses had a difficult time applying their theories to what was actually happening in practice (McEwen amp;Wills 2007). The last stage is constructed knowledge which integrates intuition, reason and self k nowledge with a shift from all encompassingShow MoreRelatedNursing Theories Of The Nursing Theory1398 Words   |  6 PagesNursing theories provide a foundation for nurses to professionally base their judgment of care. Florence Nightingale was one of the first nursing theorists. Theories composed by Nightingale were comprised of practice-based theories and environmental theories. Nightingale’s environmental theory is composed of 13 cannons which are fundamental to her theory. Nightingale’s theories continue to be used by present day nurses and nursing students. Theories are incorporated into nursing students’ educationRead MoreNursing Theories And Theories Of Nursing3078 Words   |  13 Pages Patricia Benner Nursing Theorist Group Five Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences University of Colorado Colorado Springs NURS 3040: Foundations of Nursing Patricia Benner Nursing Theorist Theory, what is a theory? According to Blais Hayes, (2011) â€Å"A theory is a supposition or idea that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon. Theories differ in their scope and have been categorized in different ways. One of those categorizations schemes divide them into categories accordingRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Nursing Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesMcEwin and Ellis, theory in nursing â€Å"offers structure and organization to nursing knowledge and provides a systematic means of collecting data to describe, explain, and predict nursing practice† (McEwen Wills, 2014, p. 25). Theories in nursing are what distinguish it from other professions and help to create professional boundaries (McEwen Wills, 2014)Click and drag to move. When theories are applied in the nursing process, there are various concepts from the respective theory that are introducedRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory812 Words   |  4 PagesTheory is the backbone to nursing as it gives n urses a framework and an idea of what they do and, most importantly, why they do it. Nursing theory means many different things to people and to only give credit to one definition would not be fair. Therefore, the definition of theory alone is, â€Å"the doctrine or principles underlying an art as distinguished from the practice of that particular art† (Theory, n.d). This definition is particularly useful because nursing is an art as well as a scienceRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1417 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Theory There are many ideas about theory in nursing. The definition of nursing theory is a group of concepts that can be tested, changed or used to guide research (McEwen Willis, 2014). This writer was exposed to theory in under-graduate classes and understands the importance of theory to her nursing practice. This paper will review the importance of nursing theory. It will also focus on Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory. Importance of Theory Many nurse theorists haveRead MoreNursing Theory : Application Of Nursing Theories4442 Words   |  18 PagesRunning head: NURSING THEORIES 1 APPLICATION OF NURSING THEORIES 2 Application of Nursing Theories Beatrice Mitchell MSN6003 ? Professional Nursing Practice Framework, Scope, and Role Unit 4 ? Assignment 1 8/7/16 Rhonda Hendricks Capella University Application of Nursing Theories Florence Nightingale and four nursing theorists are listed and analyzed in the taxonomy table in part I. A comprehensive summary of the nursing theories and a reflection on how each theory relates to theRead MoreNursing Theory1516 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Theory DeepaK USF NR 501 Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice Nursing Theories In nursing there are theories that determine how the profession is going to be handled. Scholars and other practitioners of medicines have proved these theories. In our case we will be looking how these theories are applicable in the entire world of nursing medicine. What are nursing theories? Nursing theories are theories that describeRead MoreNursing Theories684 Words   |  3 PagesA grand theory in nursing would be Doretha Orem’s self care theory. This theory encompasses the entire concept of nursing in the fact that it states individuals will strive to meet healthcare needs to maintain health and wellness. This is very broad, can not be tested and is used in a variety of settings and populations. Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is that all patients want to care for themselves, and they are able to recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-careRead MoreNursing Theory1224 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Theory Paper THE ROY ADAPTATAION MODEL Kandace Wood Chamberlain College of Nursing Course Number: N501 March 2015 Introduction: Theories and models despite not being synonymous are used interchangeably in nursing. In general a theory is considered to be a speculative statement that is concerned with some elements of reality that are not yet proven. There are a number of theories in the field of nursing also which are used toRead MoreNursing Theory And The Field Of Nursing1370 Words   |  6 PagesNursing theories are not a new concept in the field of nursing or health care in general. An extremely well known nursing theorist is Florence Nightingale, but there are other theorists who have also contributed to the field of nursing. A theory is defined as â€Å"an integrated set of defined concepts and statements that present a view of a phenomenon and can be used to describe, explain, predict, and control that phenomenon† (Burns Grove, 2011, p. 228). A theory can be applied to any field, especially

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Wedding Free Essays

A wedding is an event that invokes countless feelings and emotions for the couple – tears of joy and laughter. It is a special day where so many memories will be made through vows of love and spending a lifetime together along with the happiness and best wishes of close and loved ones. It also for this very reason that weddings are celebrated, and all brides wants this celebration to be just perfect. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wedding or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the traditions and customs followed in weddings are quite different everywhere, the wedding is seen as a celebration of love and the beauty it represents. These days we can see different trends emerging in the wedding scenes as every bride wants to have a unique and special wedding; one that will be remembered for a long time to come. Be it wedding dresses or sarees, traditions and rituals, jewelry, dà ©cor and so on the list is endless. The wedding outfit is one of the most important part for the bride and so special care and effort is taken for it. The age-old tradition of having a red hued wedding ensemble is still a trend these days as it is reminiscent of traditional sensibilities that appeals to many brides. Sabyasachi, a top bridal designer aims to revive the heritage of the regal era though his bridal collections by giving a royal and majestic vibe. Many other top designers like Manish Malhotra, Anita Dongre, Jayanti Reddy all have bridal collections centered around the celebratory and classic color red though it’s not just one shade of red that rules the bridal wear segment; the entire bridal collections are based on different shades of red. There are also brides who go for the modern and romantic vibes given by English garden pastels. What appeals to these brides is the fairy tale like and ethereal feelings that it induces in them through traditionally embellished designs in their wedding day outfits. One of the other changes seen in wedding fashion is that the brides are moving away from heavy wedding ensembles to wedding outfits that are made of lightweight fabrics like Italian tulle, georgette, sheer silk and so on. Tarun Tahiliani, an ace wedding couturier has wedding collections in neutral shades and dreamy pastels with gossamer embellishments and intricate detailing made of lightweight material. †Brides usually have difficulty in choosing to go for a traditional bridal saree or to go for the more modern gowns†, says Pooja Pothen, a fashion designer student. Brides who prefer traditional bridal sarees go for slight variations in it. There are bridal sarees with embroidered trails which is an inspiration taken from the English traditional gowns having long trains, upto 1.5 metres of length, also known as chapel train. The Indian bridal sarees has the ‘pallu’ in a long trail with embellished floral spread work along and a heavily embellished blouse with intricate handiwork. This is usually customized and can be made according to the brides’ wishes. Many brides who wish for a modern wedding outfit usually go for gowns. Even gowns have trains whose length and designing is usually done to suit the brides tastes. There are different kinds of trains: court train which has a length of only 1 metre, sweep train which doesn’t really reach the floor and just sweeps the ground and so on. The styling of the gown and the designing of the train is different and unique to each bride. â€Å"These days many brides prefer wearing their mother’s wedding outfit as it is close to their heart and is reminiscent of the feelings of nostalgia. It is also an expression of the phrase â€Å"Old is Gold†. Brides want to bring in the traditional factor into their dressing style and so it has turned into a trend now.† says Anu Jacob, an entrepreneur from Cochin. How to cite The Wedding, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Martin Luther Reformer Essay Example For Students

Martin Luther: Reformer Essay Martin Luther was born in Eisieben, Germany, on November 10,1483, St. Martin’s Day. He was the son of Has Luther, a coal miner, and Margarethe. Martin’s parents were of the middle class and were unbending in their disciplinary acts. He attended the best schools in his region but all of them held to the barbaric discipline system of the times. This had a big impact on Martin’s personality. But he did receive some positive influence from his home environment. His parents were very pious people and brought him up to be one too. His parents also gave him a strong sense of superstition. At the age of 14 Luther went to grammar school at Magdeburg. There he got attracted to the Church and particularly the Lollards. Then in 1498 he moved to Eisenach and came in contact with a warmer church life than he was use too. He also made some important friends here including Fran Ursula Cotta. He really started going into the Church works when he attended the University at Erfurt. He was a very diligent student and quickly rose through the academic ranks. Meanwhile his father upon hearing of his son’s achievements had great hopes for him. Luther was preparing to be a lawyer to some prince or town after he received his degree in philosophy. But halfway through his training he decided to quit and take up life permanently in an Augustine monastery. Historians speculate on why such a successful young man would want to join the monastery. Historians believe a string of events led Luther to choose the path of the Church. Being superstitious, Luther might have thought that this was god trying to get him to join the monastery. Luther made hid decision to go into the monastery during a thunderstorm. A bolt of lightening hit just a few feet away from him and threw him up into the air. He saw this as an act of god and joined the monastery. Later he and his father would look back and wonder whether it was God or the devil. His methods of teaching were a bit unorthodox but had a natural talent for speaking to the masses that listen to him. He often used vulgar language in his classes and had liberal ideas that he preached. His vulgarity came from a few things. First of all he was constipated and often talked about it in class. He related dirt to sin and obsessive about being clean. He like many other people of his time was driven by worries of being saved. He always felt that he did not do enough to receive salvation. He felt unworthy of receiving salvation and this left him unsure of his afterlife. He looked for ways to prove his worthiness to the Lord. He thought that no mere mortal could approach the majesty and holiness of God. There for he thought one couldn’t obtain salvation from doing many good works, but rather through faith in the almighty. This revelation of Luther’s gave him great relief. It told him that the God freely gives people his grace if only one has faith. So Luther stopped worrying about doing penance for his sins. He came to an understanding of salvation called â€Å"justification by faith†. As he meditated on his new philosophy he thought of all the ideas that would later pit him against the Catholic Church. Luther was one of the greatest contributors of the Reformation. He posted his 95 theses on the Church door for the world to see. He was not afraid of the Church and openly spoke out against its evils. He didn’t take back his word when it was certain he could die during his appearance before the emperor at the Diet of Worms. He started Lutheranism and inspired others to speak out against the Church. Bad Popes Leo X Pope Leo X was born in 1475 and died 1521. His birth name was Giovanni de’ Medici, a member of the powerful family de’ Medici. He was the son of Lorenzo de’ Medici. His father used the family riches to bribe his son’s way through the Church. Giovanni was made an Abbot at the age of 8 and a cardinal at the age of 14. Innocent VIII felt that Giovanni was too young to be entering the College of Cardinals so he made him wait for 3 years. After he entered the College of Cardinals. Malcolm X Essay SummaryUrban enlisted the help of a young Italian noblemen by the name of Alberico da Barbiano. Alberico had raised an army that was purely Italian. Alberico’s armies meet Clement’s and totally destroyed it. This was the first time in generations that a Italian army meet and won a battle against the Foreigners. After this Clement fled from Italy and this would have been enough to end the Great Schism. But Urban was furious that his past friend Queen Joanna would give refuge to Clement. Urban searched for a champion to over throw Joanna. He found Charles of Durazzo. Charles agreed to crusade against Joanna if he got the crown. Urban agreed to this had financed Charles’s army. Joanna saw the danger coming and chose Louis of Anjou to be her champion. But Louis came to late and Joanna was killed. Urban decided Charles was moving too slow so he rallied up his own army and headed for Naples. Relations between Charles and Urban grew steadily worse and eventually declared war on each other. Urban fled for Genoa and grew very paranoid. He killed anyone that was the least bit suspicious. Then his army left him as he could not afford to pay them anymore. On October 15, 1389 Urban died. Life in Germany: During the time period of the reformation life in Germany was very dangerous. A lot of new ideas were being introduced to German society and the economy wasn’t doing very well. Most of the populations were caught up in the fear of not receiving salvation. A large part of the money people earn went to but indulgences from the church or â€Å"holy relics† sold by street merchants. This sent more and more of the hard working German’s money into foreign places. The population was mostly made up of peasants who were often mistreated There were many rulers and none of them lasted for long. Germany was divided into many different parts and most of them at war with each other. The Church controlled most of the courts in Germany. The political courts during this time period were very corrupt. By 1529 Germany’s rulers were split into 3 fractions. Germany’s Rulers ether supported the Holy Roman Emperor, the Catholic Church, or the Reformation. Charles V was aware of this and called a diet to settle the matter. The assembly there passed a decree that allowed Lutheran countries to have Lutheran church services, but also required that Catholic services be followed. It also outlawed the practice of Lutheran services in all the Catholic States. The angered many of the Lutheran princes and nobles and said they would Protest this unfair decree. From this Protest came the term Protestant, or a person who protests against the Catholic Church. Charles V never seriously enforced the edict and allowed the Lutheran countries to continue their reforms. A group of Protestant Princes and Cities came together and formed the Schmalkaldic League named after they city in which the first meeting of their league was held. Also in 1530 another diet was called and the Lutheran princes decided to put their complaints in writing so they sent a scholar named Philipp Melanchuthon to what was called the Augsburg Confession. The Augsberg Confession was the systematic statement of the Lutheran belief. The Confession was written as uncontroversial as possible. Charles handed the Confession to a team of theologians to analyze and their report stated that the Church did indeed have some problems. Charles said that he would help correct the problems of the Church and that he hoped the Protestants would rejoin the Church. They did not.

Thursday, March 26, 2020

Senior Dance Presentation The 5th Door Essay Example

Senior Dance Presentation The 5th Door Essay Expression’s fascinating dance piece, The 5th Door, was released in 2004 by award winning choreographer Maggie Sietsma. Based on the classic tale of Bluebeard, the eminent masterpiece reveals the emotional journey of a young woman who becomes the eighth wife of a wealthy Lord named Bluebeard, who’s first seven wives have died under mysterious circumstances. The unique repertoire is a stunning fusion of movement, music and text. Sietsma describes her fascination in the tale lies in its tantalizing duality ‘It navigates both conscious and unconscious fears and desires. It investigates a destructive relationship and exposes us to erratic, explosive behaviours that arises in domestic violence’.[CITATION Exp l 3081 ]. Sietsma has cleverly unraveled the daunting and innovative story through her influence and representation of movement and non-movement components. She has effectively emphasized to the audience the obscurity of bluebeard and the suffer he induced o n all of his wives. Sietsma efficiently sustains her choreographic intent through further dance components, including signature motifs; such as aggressive partner work, high and low extensions and fierce verbal speech to indicate the distressing experiences the wives encountered. Consequently, Sietsma has effectively depicted the gripping story of Bluebeard and his eight wives through her cunning manipulation of varied dance components. The classic tale of Bluebeard has persisted long throughout history depicting the common issue of domestic violence. The original tale tells of a wealthy aristocrat, Bluebeard who has married many times, however all of his wives seem to disappear, initiating his fearful label. Known for his absurd blue beard and very unappealing looks, women always ignored his existence. However, his immense amount of wealth and protection was enough to lure in an 8th and final wife Judith. One day, Judith enters a room driven by curiosity that Bluebeard We will write a custom essay sample on Senior Dance Presentation The 5th Door specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Senior Dance Presentation The 5th Door specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Senior Dance Presentation The 5th Door specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Friday, March 6, 2020

9 consejos a turistas para comprar vivienda en EEUU

9 consejos a turistas para comprar vivienda en EEUU Si est pensando en  comprar una vivienda en Estados Unidos pero le preocupa porque tiene estatus de turista, bien porque ha ingresado con una visa de esa categorà ­a o bien sin visa, por ser ciudadano de un paà ­s incluido en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados,  tiene que saber que no sà ³lo es posible sino que es relativamente fcil.  Ã‚   En este artà ­culo se resuelven las dudas ms frecuentes,  desde tipo de propiedad a cà ³mo financiar la compra y cà ³mo entender correctamente las opciones migratorias reales para obtener una tarjeta de residencia permanente en Estados Unidos por inversià ³n en un bien raà ­z. 1.- ¿Quà © tipo de inmuebles  se pueden comprar en EE.UU.  con estatus de turista? Casas, fincas rà ºsticas y condominios, conocidos estos à ºltimos popularmente como condos. En cuando a los  apartamentos en rà ©gimen de  co-ops, es ms complicado adquirirlos, a menos que se trate de cooperativas que se administran siguiendo reglas de los condos. La razà ³n del problema radica en  que para comprar un co-op es necesario, como regla general, tener los ingresos y la mayorà ­a del patrimonio en Estados Unidos, requisito que no se da en la mayorà ­a de los casos de turistas extranjeros temporalmente en el paà ­s. 2.- ¿Se necesita tener todo el dinero en efectivo o asegurar financiacià ³n en el paà ­s de origen? No, ni lo uno ni lo otro. Los bancos de Estados Unidos pueden financiar siempre y cuando se adelante un porcentaje importante en concepto de pago inicial, conocido en inglà ©s como  down payment. El porcentaje puede variar de banco a banco y, tambià ©n, de estado a estado. Por ejemplo, en la ciudad de Nueva York puede ser necesario abonar el 30 por ciento, en Miami el 50 y en zonas de Texas entre el 25 y el 30 por ciento pero estas cantidades pueden variar segà ºn las circunstancias de cada caso. Adems, los bancos que financian suelen exigir garantà ­as adicionales como un depà ³sito suficiente para cubrir todos los pagos de la hipoteca de un aà ±o, ms seguros y gastos del inmueble. Tambià ©n se debe tener en cuenta que dentro de Estados Unidos hay una gran diferencia entre estados en lo que se paga como impuesto a las ventas de bienes y servicios  e incluso condados y municipalidades. Este es un dato importante ya que puede suponer un importante gasto con el que no se contaba. 3.- ¿Cul es la mejor forma de encontrar una vivienda para comprar? Contratando a un agente inmobiliario, conocido en inglà ©s como broker. La gran ventaja para el comprador es que no va a pagarle por sus servicios ya que la comisià ³n corre de cuenta del vendedor. Si à ©ste cuenta con su propio broker, en el momento de la venta los dos agentes se dividirn entre ellos las ganancias por sus servicios de intermediario. Adems, si necesitas financiacià ³n el broker puede ponerte en contacto con el banco con el que habitualmente trabajan. 4.- ¿Cunto tiempo puede demorarse la tramitacià ³n de la compra? Una vez que has encontrado el inmueble que deseas comprar, la tramitacià ³n del cierre de la operacià ³n puede hacerse en tan poco como 30 dà ­as. No es necesario estar presente en Estados Unidos durante toda la tramitacià ³n, ya que puedes otorgar un poder notarial, conocido en inglà ©s como  power of attorney,  a un representante. 5.- ¿Puede  girarse todo el dinero que quiera a EEE.UU. para comprar bienes raà ­ces? Desde el punto de vista de USA, sà ­. Si bien las autoridades estudian la procedencia y legalidad del dinero. Adems, debe cumplirse con todas las obligaciones impuestas por el paà ­s de origen del comprador  para transferencias internacionales de dinero y pago de impuestos. 6.- ¿Hay que pagar impuestos por la propiedad que se compra en Estados Unidos? Si se  vende y se gana con la operacià ³n, hay que pagar el impuesto correspondiente. En cuanto al porcentaje va a depender del tipo de acuerdo fiscal entre el paà ­s del comprador y Estados Unidos, si es que hay  alguno firmado. Tambià ©n es posible no pagar si con la venta se financia la compra de una nueva propiedad. Por el contrario, si la vivienda se dedica a alquiler, es necesario   declarar impuestos anualmente en la forma de income tax en EE.UU. Para ello, si no se tiene un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social emitido por las autoridades de Estados Unidos, debe sacarse un nà ºmero fiscal que se conoce como  un ITIN. Es conveniente informarse con un fiscalista porque si se est pagando hipoteca es posible que no exista la obligacià ³n de pagar  durante al menos los diez primeros aà ±os siguientes a la compra. En todo caso, aunque no existiera la obligacià ³n de pagar, sà ­ que hay la de hacer la declaracià ³n de impuestos y presentarla anualmente el 15 de abril o antes. 7.- ¿Por quà © es recomendable crear una sociedad que figure como propietaria del inmueble? Para evitar pagar impuesto de sucesià ³n cuando fallece el propietario de la vivienda, que puede ser muy alto. Pero si el propietario es una LLC, es decir, una  sociedad limitada,  de la que se es accionista junto con una Corporacià ³n Extranjera, en inglà ©s conocida como  Foreign Corporation, entonces despuà ©s del fallecimiento del propietario los herederos no tienen que pagar nada por recibir ese inmueble. Es muy conveniente tratar este asunto con un abogado especialista en este tipo de asuntos. 8.- ¿Puede obtenerse la  tarjeta de residencia por comprar una propiedad en EE.UU.? No, la compra de un inmueble, aunque sea muy caro, no est contemplado en la actualidad como uno de los caminos para obtener la residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card o tarjeta verde.   Sin embargo, sà ­ que es posible sacar la green card con una inversià ³n a travà ©s del programa EB-5, pero implica muchas ms cosas y no una simple compra de uno o varios inmuebles, por muy caros que estos sean. Tampoco sirve una mera inversià ³n inmobiliaria  como base para poder solicitar con à ©xito la visa E-2 de inversià ³n. Sin embargo, si se convierte en negocio a dicha inversià ³n, entonces podrà ­a servir. En todo caso, los turistas que son propietarios de una vivienda en Estados Unidos  no pueden trabajar ni permanecer continuamente en Estados Unidos y deben respetar su condicià ³n migratoria para evitar una cancelacià ³n de la visa. Por ejemplo, no se puede ser una carga pà ºblica. Eso quiere decir, entre otras cosas, que hay que pagar las facturas mà ©dicas y  no enviar a los hijos con una visa de turista a estudiar a una escuela de primaria o secundaria pà ºblica. Si desean estudiar, deben obtener una visa F-1 de estudiante. Estar en Estados Unidos con la visa incorrecta puede dar lugar a la revocacià ³n de la que se tiene e, incluso, a la cancelacià ³n de la visa de los padres que consienten una violacià ³n migratoria. 9.-Origen de los extranjeros que compran propiedades en Estados Unidos En un sà ³lo aà ±o, los turistas extranjeros invirtieron $82,5 billones (mil millones) en propiedades en Estados Unidos, comprando, principalmente,  Ã‚  en los estados de Florida, California, Nueva York, Texas y Arizona. Los extranjeros que efectuaron  ms compras fueron los canadienses, que prefieren comprar en Arizona y Texas, seguidos de los chinos, si bien los rusos son los que hacen las compras ms caras. Argentinos, colombianos, venezolanos y brasileà ±os destacan tambià ©n entre los grandes compradores, siendo Florida el estado donde ms invierten. Consejos para disfrutar Estados Unidos como turista Estados Unidos es el segundo paà ­s del mundo que recibe ms turistas, sà ³lo sobrepasado por Francia. Sin embargo, es el paà ­s donde los turistas gastan ms dinero en compras. Para los turistas que disfrutan comprando ropa y accesorios de marca,  las sample sales para comprar a precios rebajados  en Nueva York son un destino a tener en cuenta. Por el contrario, para los que quieren disfrutar de las grandes atracciones de Estados Unidos, estas son las 10 ms visitadas. De interà ©s migratorio para todos los turistas Estas  20 causas que pueden dar lugar a que la visa no se apruebe o no se renueve  e, incluso, a que al llegar al control migratorio sirven de base para que el oficial de Inmigracià ³n niegue el ingreso del turista extranjero a los Estados Unidos. Desde el punto de vista migratorio, el principal consejo es evitar problemas. Para ello se recomienda tomar este  test de respuestas mà ºltiples. Frecuentemente, los  grandes problemas migratorios y en el paso de aduanas tienen su origen en ignorancias pequeà ±as. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

The Impact of E-Services on Socio-Economic Development in South Africa Research Paper

The Impact of E-Services on Socio-Economic Development in South Africa - Research Paper Example Accessibility to e-services has a high potential to add value to marginalized communities (Heeks, 2010), reduce poverty (Cecchini and Scott, 2003) and spur development. However, accessibility is not enough. Other factors must be put into account when making decisions on information technology developments for optimal benefits to all stakeholders and de-marginalization of marginal groups. E-services have revolutionized the global market to levels never imagined before; however, the true impact has not been quantified since the concept is new and has not been widely adopted, nor has it stabilized. Background The World Bank classifies the economy of South Africa as an upper-middle income economy, being the largest economy in Africa in terms of GDP per capita. However, over a quarter of South Africans are unemployed and a similar number lives on less than 1.25 US dollars per day; it is this population that e-services target most since they are primarily unbanked by the conventional comme rce systems. The economy is an amalgamation of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, though it has shifted in the recent years towards being a tertiary economy, an industry that contributes about 65 percent of GDP (OECD, 2010). Despite the continuous growth of the online industry, the country still lags behind the world’s leading economies in terms of volumes and amounts spent in online transactions. Laws and policies passed and implemented in the recent years have increased access to e-services by the population mainly by increasing competition among service providers, which results in reduced prices for accessing and using e-services. For instance, the Telecoms Amendment Act of 2001 introduced a competing network provider for Telkom, such that for the two to attract and retain customers, they had to reduce the costs of their services (Z-Coms, 2002). Elimination of monopoly was the first step towards liberalization of the telecommunications sector, which was achieved b y the Electronic Communications Act (ECA) of 2005. Finally, the Electronic Communication and Transactions Act of 2002 that was aimed at facilitation of e-transactions, e-governance, and other services introduced reliable and universal access to e-services. Context Cieslikowski et al. (2008) state that the world has seen exponential growth in coverage by mobile networks for both developed and developing countries; hence the impact of use of these devices cannot be ignored. For instance, money transfer services whereby money is sent through a mobile network and collected from a local retail outlet, have changed how the low-income communities transfer their money. Before the introduction of services like these, the poor had little or no access to banking and money transfer services, mainly because of high rates or the location of the banking institution in cities. In this case, ICT enabled the rural folk to have access to services that were previously a preserve of the rich. Further ch anges are expected on migration to digital terrestrial television migration, as digital signal will include all communication services bundled. Therefore, everyone will be able to access services with relative ease, and the government will use these channels to communicate matters on policy and development (Gupta and Shah, 2012). However, for these benefits to be enjoyed by the common citizen,

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Chose one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chose one - Essay Example A child must get familiar with a language sample. Then subtle samples are used to detect whether a child can identify the segments as a part of the initial segment. Children try to develop an understanding of ambiguous instructions which in most cases are designed to have a grammatical choice. Infants detect statistical properties of co-occurrence. This means they segment a group of novel words in a gradual manner. The thesis of this essay is to give information on how children acquire language. As children advance in age, they start to detect the probability of syllables to predict each other. They start to detect word boundaries by considering syllable pairs. Infants as young as 8 months can perform these computations within a span of two minutes. Infants are able to soak up the meaningless events and to structure linguistics rapidly to make relevant meanings within units. During this stage, infants are said to develop the capability to detect musical tones that are used for word s egmentation. This includes the ability to track the structure of statistics within a sequence of absolute pitches. This helps in developing the tone structure. The next stage of acquiring language is establishing the distribution of elements and grammatical endings. They get introduced to the use of connectors. This helps in establishing the meaning of combinations in the process of utterance. This enables children to use the grammar meaningfully and to determine with actions of other people within each statement when there is need. Parsing process is used at this stage to ensure that children comprehend language by assembling strings. Rational conceptions and computed through assembling of language strings. The next stage in the process of linguistic development between birth and language maturity involves discovering the raw materials of gestures and sounds of the language being learnt. This entails learning how the sounds and gestures are assembled and try to map them onto usable meanings. This is said to happen simultaneously. The children start to integrate their learning capacity. They also start to crack the code communication codes. When the children are between 18 to 30 months old, they start to progress from first words. They become sensitive to grammar. This happens as the content of word vocabulary tends to increase at a faster rate. Some words start to be acquired depending on the frequency of their use. Children attach function to words in a gradual manner. This introduces children to the use of interrogative words like ‘who’. Parents are known to provide the initial information that leads to word production. Language development is tied to brain development. Children develop meanings from the familiar words. This involves neural arrays and patterns in the process of developing complex meanings in the human mind of a child. The brain of the children at the stage plays a central role in the process of ensuring words and meanings are i nterconnected. The neural grammar that exists is used to recognize the new words that are expected to build the language of a child. The late stage of acquiring language entails acquiring the structure of sentences. This stage is followed by comprehension. Children at their stage can respond to utterances and patterns of normal speech. This includes differentiating between meaningful and non meaningful sentences. This happens because children can understand sentence structures even before they can

Monday, January 27, 2020

Giving Up Smoking in Pregnancy

Giving Up Smoking in Pregnancy Health Promotion:SMOKING Giving up Smoking in Pregnancy Introduction The object of this assignment is to critically appraise a health promotion initiative related to midwifery practice. The initiative chosen Introduction The object of this assignment is to critically appraise a health promotion initiative related to midwifery practice. The initiative chosen is a NHS Health Scotland leaflet entitled Smoking: giving up during pregnancy: a guide for pregnant women who want to stop smoking (NHS Health Scotland 2003). It will be referred to as the initiative or the leaflet throughout this assignment. The World Health Organisation (WHO) identified that health promotion was a way of equipping people to have more power enabling them to make choices in regard to improving their well-being (WHO 1986). Ewles and Simnett (2003) determine from this, that the fundamental elements of health promotion are improving health and empowerment. The Scottish Office paper Towards a Healthier Scotland (1999) recommended making more health promotion available for pregnant smokers. This appraisal will systematically review the literature relating it to the health promotion initiative chosen using Ewles and Simnett (2003) Five Approaches to Health Promotion model. It will furthermore evaluate the midwifes role in promoting the issue highlighted and conclude with a summary and any proposals to improve future practice. Critical Appraisal The Scottish Office paper Towards a Healthier Scotland (Scottish Office 1999) recommends reducing the numbers of women smoking during pregnancy from 29% to 20% in the next 5 years. According to the Health Education Authority (1999) the rate for smoking in pregnancy in the UK was 30% however nearly 90% classified smoking as dangerous to their unborn child. Johnston et al (2003) point out that smoking is the main preventable cause of disease and disability in the fetus and newborn. Around 13 000 individuals die from smoking in Scotland each year (NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland 2004a). This initiative is based on the normative needs concept as it is influenced by expert opinion and government policies (Ewles and Simnett 2003). Epidemiological evidence in its favour allows the initiative to be evaluated by reduction in the mortality and morbidity (Naidoo and Wills 2000). This is cost effective because the initial resources for implementing the smoking cessation will be significantl y less than the cost of hospitalisation later in life (NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland 2003). The leaflet that will be critiqued (appendix 1) is aimed at pregnant women who currently smoke but who want to give up. It is split into five sections titled: pregnancy and smoking; stopping smoking; tips for stopping; stopping smoking is worth it and thinking about your smoking. The Ewles and Simnett (2003) model comprises of five approaches to health promotion; medical approach; behaviour change approach; educational approach; client-centred approach and societal change approach. The behaviour change approach is the main focus for this initiative, although it does utilise aspects of all approaches. The behaviour change approach as described by Ewles and Simnett (2003) is a way of encouraging changes in an individuals attitudes and beliefs to take up a healthier lifestyle. It is, however considered by some, to be more forceful depending on the degree of encouragement and persuasion utilised (Crafter 1997, Norton 1998). The behaviour change approach uses a number of models to guide health promoters to facilitate clients to achieve a positive outcome. The Stages of Change Model (Prochaska and DiClemente 1984 as cited by Ewles and Simnett 2003) is a five stage cyclical model that has been found to be particularly useful in work with addictive behaviours (Naidoo and Wills 2000). This cycle incorporates a pre-contemplation stage where the individual is unaware of any need for change or has no interest in changing (Ewles and Simnett 2003). At this stage the midwife would assess whether the woman is genuinely not interested in stopping smoking at present and respect this decision but inform her she will be asked throughout her pregnancy about her smoking status (Crafter 1997, Dunkley 2000). The leaflet may still be issued as having the information readily at hand may prompt the individual to think about stopping smoking. The advantages of leaflets mean they allow individuals to read through them at their own pace (Ewles and Simnett 2003). The second stage is the contemplation stage where the individual is motivated to consider changing their behaviour, maybe she reads the leaflet and attempts to seek information (Naidoo and Wills 2000). The role of the midwife at this stage would be to determine why the woman smokes and what barriers she may face in stopping smoking (Dunkley 2000). The leaflet facilitates this by allowing the woman to question why she smokes and how she feels about it. It also seeks to establish what the woman feels is good and bad about smoking and how she anticipates changing her behaviour towards smoking. It has been suggested (McLeod et al 2003) that some midwives find it difficult to broach the subject of smoking particularly with women who have no desire to stop and those who are still considering stopping. However McLeod et al (2003) found from their qualitative study that women expected to be asked about smoking during routine antenatal care and indeed they felt it was part of the midwives rol e to ask. The preparation stage is where the woman is committed to giving up smoking. She may seek extra help and is likely to attempt change soon (Dunkley 2000). If the woman is in this planning stage she may benefit from smoking cessation services, which the midwife can offer such as Smokeline, or other local services. Within the leaflet is a free phone number for Smokeline (HEBS 2003) who offer advice and issue the booklet Aspire to Stop Smoking (HEBS and Action on Smoking and Health Scotland 2001). This supporting information helps the woman to discover what she can do to help herself to stop smoking. NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland (2004b) challenge the reliability of answers to questions Midwives and other health promoters may be asking individuals with regard to their interest in stopping smoking as that individual may feel that agreeing is what is expected. Hesitancy in answering may be indicative of reluctance to commit to stopping at present, so ensuring they understand that the re are many options available in the future can enhance the chance of them stopping (NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland 2004b). The midwife would continue to support the individual during this time offering advice and encouragement (Crafter 1997) and also would remind the patient of the importance of social support from partners and friends (NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland 2004b). The findings from a study by McLeod et al (2003) concur with the need to have partner involvement. They found that although the women were supported by the midwives there was a failing in educating the partners to the womens needs while trying to stop smoking (McLeod et al 2003). Moreover Thompson et al (2004) would like to see this expanded out with the antenatal setting. This issue has been addressed in part by the initiative, which encourages the woman to seek partner involvement to support her at this time (HEBS 2003). The penultimate stage is the making the change stage this is when the woman is taking action (Naidoo and Wills 2000). NHS Lothian (2002) supports making a date to stop and sticking to it. One of the options is nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), which has caused debates over its place in smoking cessation during pregnancy (Dunkley 2000, McNeill et al 2001). McNeill et al (2001) found that using NRT, although not recommended in pregnancy, could be beneficial, as all the pollutants from actual cigarettes would not be delivered to the mother or the fetus. The final stage is the maintenance stage. It is vital that the midwife maintains good support through the postnatal period as Pollock (2003) found that 60% of women who give up during pregnancy restart smoking within 1 month of birth. Encouragement from the midwife to eat a sensible a diet (Crafter 1997) and use diversionary tactics like regular brushing of teeth and saving cigarette money up for treats (NHS Lothian) helps the woman to stay stopped. The leaflet in its favour mentions how other smokers managed to stop and what they have done to help themselves. In this final stage there is room for relapse or slipping. The leaflet lets individuals know it is ok to relapse but encourages them to learn from this. It also mentions some of the side effects that women may experience from nicotine withdrawal. The medical approach to health promotion aims to ensure individuals are disease and disability free (Ewles and Simnett 2003). This approach could be viewed as paternalistic, where professionals decide what is best for an individual (Crafter 1997) and as pregnancy is not a state of ill health (Dunkley 2000) it brings into question its validity in midwifery care. However women could jeopardise the health of themselves and their unborn child if they are involved in risk taking behaviour such as smoking during pregnancy. The initiative mentions some of the health risks involved such as miscarriage and low birth weight babies (HEBS 2003) but favourably does not go into detail to avoid victim-blaming. Within the medical approach such initiatives as General Practitioners or other health professionals advocating smoking cessation during consultations is found to be more useful than no mention at all (HEBS 1998) resulting in approximately 2% of smokers stopping long term. Recommendation 1.2 o f the Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Scotland (NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland 2004a) states that a midwife should ascertain a patients smoking status and discourage them from smoking at the earliest opportunity. The midwife should also offer support and treatment to aid cessation (NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland 2004a). Crafter (1997) identifies the need for midwives to give unbiased information, however justifies the obligation to educate women about damaging behaviour such as smoking during pregnancy. Facts specific to smoking in pregnancy are not included in the leaflet such as smoking in the first 3 months of pregnancy accounts for a quarter of low birth weight babies (Scottish Executive 2001). An educational approach to health promotion is giving individuals information to discover the health benefits or detriments for themselves (Ewles and Simnett 2003). Crafter (1997) argues that there can be no true educational approach when it comes to smoking in pregnancy because midwives would be unable to remain neutral due to the fact that evidence is available that clearly shows smoking is detrimental. Naidoo and Wills (2000) explain that the educational approach differs from the behaviour change model, as the educational model does not use encouragement to achieve its aims. NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland (2004b) concur with this view advocating that it is not the role of the midwife to persuade but to inform. They go on to defend the use of facts in conjunction with the leaflet. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2003) also emphasise the need for women to be informed of the risks, which can make a purely educational approach unattainable in relation to smoking cessation. The information could be available to patient who enquire about if for them to discover the advantages and disadvantages for themselves with the midwife advising them of where to find resources. In a study by Pullon et al (2003) it showed how suitable resources helped educate women to stop smoking. Critically however it appeared that the midwives concerned were involved in a more behavioural change role as then conclusion commented on the midwives powerful influence (Pullon et al 2003). The client-centred approach facilitates health promotion of things that the client feels will be of benefit (Ewles and Simnett 2003), this could mean that an individual may not consider that smoking cessation is an issue they want to address and as such the topic may never be discussed. This model is said to facilitate autonomy (Dunkley 2000) but as such the leaflet may never be looked. If however the client felt that smoking cessation was something she was interested in, the midwife would be able to offer any help that was available to her to empower the woman to achieve her objective (Crafter 1997). The societal change approach focuses on changing the whole society not just individuals within it (Ewles and Simnett 2003). Implementation of changes at community level or above looks to bring about changes to the attitudes and beliefs about smoking during pregnancy to the population. This would include laws such as that to be introduced in spring 2006 banning anybody smoking in enclosed public spaces in Scotland (Scottish Executive 2004). The majority of pregnant smokers are age 16-24 and low socio-economic groups highlighting the important fact that deprivation and inequality increase the incidences of smoking and of teen pregnancy (Lazenbatt et al 2000, NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland 2003). Conclusion Midwives play an important role in promoting the health and wellbeing of individuals and their families and delivery of health education (Scottish Executive 2001). The initiative appeared to have some weaknesses as a stand-alone leaflet, however as part of a multi-dimensional approach it emerged favourably. The midwife must endeavour to gain trust and support to deliver the required service and promote empowerment (Dunkley 2000). She must take care not to alienate the women that require her help. There must be a trusting relationship built up between the midwife and the woman to achieve a positive outcome. Approximately 20% of smoking mums give up during pregnancy and of them over 50% who gave up attributed it to being pregnant (HEA 1999) this indicates further that women want to stop and indeed manage successfully to stop smoking.